Prepare a chimney of coals or a campfire of hot embers. You'll need 18 coals to start, and will need to replenish the coals once during cooking. The coals are ready to use when they've turned white.
In a large bowl, whisk the flour, sugar, and baking powder together.
Pour in the beer and use a spatula to mix gently until the flour is absorbed.
Gently fold in the cheddar cheese.
Place a piece of parchment paper inside the Dutch oven. Gather the dough together and place it on the paper in the center of the Dutch oven.
Drizzle the butter over the dough.
Cover the Dutch oven and place it in the fire pit with 6 coals below and 12 on the lid. Cook, replenishing the coals after 30 minutes, until the bread is golden brown and has an internal temperature of about 200°F (93°C), 50 to 55 minutes.
Remove the bread from the Dutch oven. Let it cool for 15 minutes before slicing.
Notes
Get ahead--Mix your dry ingredients before heading out on your camping trip. Store them in a resealable bag or airtight container until you're ready to cook.
Storage--Let any leftover bread cool completely, then store in a resealable plastic bag at room temperature for up to 3 days.
Protect the oven--Since you're cooking in a Dutch oven outside, the cooking time can vary due to outside temperature and wind. If you're cooking on a very windy day, try to protect the Dutch oven with a barrier, such as a tarp.