Preheat the oven or grill to 375°F. If using a grill, prepare it for indirect cooking. (I use two low burners on either side of the grill.)
Butter a 12-inch cast iron skillet well, making sure it's completely coated.
In a medium bowl, whisk the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt.
In a large bowl, combine the melted butter, eggs, milk, yogurt, lemon zest, and vanilla.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet and mix just until they're combined and no dry patches remain. The batter will be thick.
Fold in the blueberries. Spread the batter in the prepared skillet.
Bake the cake in the oven, or in a covered grill over indirect heat until the cake is golden and a tester inserted in the center comes out clean, 30 to 40 minutes. If using a grill, adjust the burners as needed to maintain temperature, and avoid opening the lid frequently. If using a grill with burners lit on only one side of the grill, rotate the skillet once during baking.
Let cool for at least 30 minutes before serving. Serve warm or at room temperature.